MATTER
1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
1. Properties which can be observed without changing the substance into something different. Color, odor, hardness, density, luster, state, conductivity, solubility, boiling and melting points
2. A chemical property is observed when a substance changes into a new substance. Iron forms rust in air & water; gasoline bums in oxygen.
1. PHYSICAL CHANGE
2. CHEMICAL CHANGE
1. Substance changes form or state only. Boiling, melting, freezing, dissolving, grinding, cutting
2. Where new substances are formed with new chemical and physical properties. Oxygen & hydrogen form water; sodium & chlorine form salt (sodium chloride)
LIST THE THREE STATES OF MATTER IN ORDER OF INCREASING DENSITY.
gas: neither definite shape nor volume
liquid: definite volume; takes shape of container
solid: definite size and shape
PHASE
TWO EXAMPLES
A sharply defined, uniform region in a mixture.
examples- oil & vinegar in salad dressing; ice & water in a frozen pond
DENSITY
GENERAL EQUA TION AND THREE STANDARD UNITS
The mass of a unit volume of a substance.
Density = mass/volume g/mL g/L kg/L
CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A ROCK WITH MASS = 10 g AND VOLUME = 5mL
density = mass/volume density = 10 g/5 mL = 2 g/mL
ELEMENT
LIST SOME EXAMPLES
A substance composed of identical atoms.
gold, silver, oxygen, hydrogen, lead, chlorine, helium, iron, copper, fluorine, arsenic
COMPOUND
LIST SOME EXAMPLES
Substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined. For example:
WATER- H₂O
SALT - NaCl
SUGAR - C₆H₁₂O₆
AMMONIA - NH₃
MIXTURE
LIST SOME EXAMPLES
A combination of substances held together by physical means.
(Dirt, milk, soup, saltwater, granite)
HOMOGENEOUS & HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES , GIVE EXAMPLES
Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition. (Air, meta/ alloy, salt water)
Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition. (Dirt, spaghetti sauce)
SYMBOLS FOR:
1) BARIUM.
2) BERYLLIUM
3) PLATINUM
4) ARSENIC
5) TIN
1) Ba
2) Be
3) Pt
4) As
5) Sn
SYMBOLS FOR:
1) SODIUM
2) POTASSIUM
3) CALCIUM
4) HYDROGEN
5) MAGNESIUM
1) Na
2) K
3) Ca
4) H
5) Mg
NAMES FOR:
1) Fe
2) Co
3) Ni
4) Cu
5) Zn
1) iron
2) cobalt
3) nickel
4) copper
5) zinc
SYMBOLS FOR:
1) SILVER
2) GOLD
3) MERCURY
4) ALUMINUM
5) LEAD
1) Ag
2) Au
3) Hg
4) Al
5) Pb
NAMES FOR:
1) C
2) Si
3) N
4) P
5) O
1) carbon
2) silicon
3) nitrogen
4) phosphorous
5) oxygen
SYMBOLS FOR:
1) SULFUR
2) FLUORINE
3) CHLORINE
4) BROMINE
5) IODINE
1) S
2) F
3) Cl
4) Br
5) I
NAMES FOR:
1) He
2) Ne
3) Ar
4) Kr
5) U
1) helium
2) neon
3) argon
4) krypton
5) uranium
EINSTEIN’S LA W OF CONSERVATION OF MASS-ENERGY
The sum-total of mass and energy remains constant in a reaction but mass and energy may be interconverted.
E = mc²
E = energy; m = mass c = speed of light
IDENTIFY AS ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE: SAND, AIR, GOLD, WATER, SALT, HYDROGEN
SAND- mixture
AIR- mixture
GOLD- element
WATER- compound
SALT- compound
HYDROGEN- element