-->

Simplified chemistry- Matter notes (card)

MATTER

1. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES 
2. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 

1. Properties which can be observed without changing the substance into something different. Color, odor, hardness, density, luster, state, conductivity, solubility, boiling and melting points 
2. A chemical property is observed when a substance changes into a new substance. Iron forms rust in air & water; gasoline bums in oxygen. 


1. PHYSICAL CHANGE 
2. CHEMICAL CHANGE 

1. Substance changes form or state only.  Boiling, melting, freezing, dissolving, grinding, cutting 
2. Where new substances are formed with new chemical and physical properties. Oxygen & hydrogen form water; sodium & chlorine form salt (sodium chloride) 


LIST THE THREE STATES OF MATTER IN ORDER OF INCREASING DENSITY. 

gas: neither definite shape nor volume 
liquid: definite volume; takes shape of container 
solid: definite size and shape 


PHASE 
TWO EXAMPLES 

A sharply defined, uniform region in a mixture. 
examples- oil & vinegar in salad dressing; ice & water in a frozen pond 


DENSITY 
GENERAL EQUA TION AND THREE STANDARD UNITS 

The mass of a unit volume of a substance. 
Density = mass/volume g/mL g/L kg/L 


CALCULATE THE DENSITY OF A ROCK WITH MASS = 10 g AND VOLUME = 5mL 

density = mass/volume density = 10 g/5 mL = 2 g/mL 


ELEMENT 
LIST SOME EXAMPLES 

A substance composed of identical atoms. 
gold, silver, oxygen, hydrogen, lead, chlorine, helium, iron, copper, fluorine, arsenic 


COMPOUND 
LIST SOME EXAMPLES 

Substance composed of two or more different elements chemically combined. For example: 
WATER- H₂O 
SALT - NaCl 
SUGAR - C₆H₁₂O₆ 
AMMONIA - NH₃ 


MIXTURE 
LIST SOME EXAMPLES 

A combination of substances held together by physical means. 
(Dirt, milk, soup, saltwater, granite) 


HOMOGENEOUS & HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURES , GIVE EXAMPLES 


Homogeneous mixtures are uniform in composition. (Air, meta/ alloy, salt water) 
Heterogeneous mixtures are not uniform in composition. (Dirt, spaghetti sauce) 


SYMBOLS FOR: 
1) BARIUM. 
2) BERYLLIUM 
3) PLATINUM 
4) ARSENIC  
5) TIN 

1) Ba 
2) Be 
3) Pt 
4) As 
5) Sn 


SYMBOLS FOR: 
1) SODIUM  
2) POTASSIUM 
3) CALCIUM  
4) HYDROGEN 
5) MAGNESIUM 

1) Na 
2) K 
3) Ca 
4) H 
5) Mg 


NAMES FOR: 
1) Fe  
2) Co 
3) Ni  
4) Cu 
5) Zn 

1) iron 
2) cobalt 
3) nickel 
4) copper 
5) zinc 

SYMBOLS FOR: 
1) SILVER  
2) GOLD 
3) MERCURY  
4) ALUMINUM 
5) LEAD 

1) Ag 
2) Au 
3) Hg 
4) Al 
5) Pb 


NAMES FOR: 
1) C  
2) Si 
3) N  
4) P 
5) O 


1) carbon 
2) silicon 
3) nitrogen 
4) phosphorous 
5) oxygen 


SYMBOLS FOR: 
1) SULFUR  
2) FLUORINE 
3) CHLORINE  
4) BROMINE 
5) IODINE 

1) S 
2) F 
3) Cl 
4) Br 
5) I 


NAMES FOR: 
1) He  
2) Ne 
3) Ar  
4) Kr  
5) U 

1) helium 
2) neon 
3) argon 
4) krypton 
5) uranium 


EINSTEIN’S LA W OF CONSERVATION OF MASS-ENERGY 

The sum-total of mass and energy remains constant in a reaction but mass and energy may be interconverted. 
E = mc² 
E = energy; m = mass c = speed of light 


IDENTIFY AS ELEMENT, COMPOUND OR MIXTURE: SAND, AIR, GOLD, WATER, SALT, HYDROGEN 

SAND-  mixture 
AIR-  mixture 
GOLD-  element 
WATER-  compound 
SALT-  compound 
HYDROGEN-  element