The Periodic Table:
Metals :Most of the elements are metals, and characterized by
1- Efficient conductivity of heat and electricity
2- Malleability: can be hammered into sheets
3- Ductility: can be pulled into wire
4- Lustrous
5- Tend to lose electrons to form positive ion such as copper (Cu).
Nonmetals: Upper-right Corner of the Table
1- Tend to gain electrons to form negative ions
2- Atoms bonded by covalent bond such as Cl₂
3- React with metals to form salts (ionic compounds) such as NaCl.
4- React with nonmetals to form covalent bond (molecular compounds) such as HCl.
1- Tend to gain electrons to form negative ions
2- Atoms bonded by covalent bond such as Cl₂
3- React with metals to form salts (ionic compounds) such as NaCl.
4- React with nonmetals to form covalent bond (molecular compounds) such as HCl.
- Each column called group or family: have the same properties
- Alkali metals: (IA or 1) very reactive form +1 ions
- Alkaline earth metals: (2A or 2) form +2 ions
- Halogens: (7 A or 17) forms -1 ions
- Noble gases: (8A or 18) exist as monoatomic gases with little chemical reactivity.
- Horizontal row called period.